Image & Thumbnails

This is how to attach image file to sqlalchemy model using the FileSystemStore.

0. Prerequisites

$ pip install sqlalchemy-media

1. Creating workbench

Setting up and engine along-side the session_factory. And creating a constant for the directory to store files.

from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

TEMP_PATH = '/tmp/sqlalchemy-media'
Base = declarative_base()
engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False)
session_factory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

2. Storage

Registering a default factory for FileSystemStore class. the StoreManager will call it when needed.

import functools

from sqlalchemy_media import StoreManager, FileSystemStore

StoreManager.register(
    'fs',
    functools.partial(FileSystemStore, TEMP_PATH, 'http://static.example.org/'),
    default=True
)

3. Backend Type

We are using the sqlite’s memory db in this tutorial, because it’s so handy. but it’s not supporting the JSON data type, So, this is how to emulate a type using the SqlAlchemy Type Decorators.

import json

from sqlalchemy import TypeDecorator, Unicode

class Json(TypeDecorator):
    impl = Unicode

    def process_bind_param(self, value, engine):
        return json.dumps(value)

    def process_result_value(self, value, engine):
        if value is None:
            return None

        return json.loads(value)

Note

You can use any type to store dictionary and list as described on top, but the postgreSql HStore and JSON are preferred.

4. Defining The Model

As described in Sqlalchemy’s documentation, the as_mutable method is used to make a type mutable.

from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer

from sqlalchemy_media import Image, ImageAnalyzer, ImageValidator, ImageProcessor

class ProfileImage(Image):
    __pre_processors__ = [
        ImageAnalyzer(),
        ImageValidator(
            minimum=(80, 80),
            maximum=(800, 600),
            min_aspect_ratio=1.2,
            content_types=['image/jpeg', 'image/png']
        ),
        ImageProcessor(
            fmt='jpeg',
            width=120,
            crop=dict(
                left='10%',
                top='10%',
                width='80%',
                height='80%',
            )
        )
    ]

class Person(Base):
    __tablename__ = 'person'

    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = Column(Unicode(100))
    image = Column(ProfileImage.as_mutable(Json))

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<%s id=%s>" % (self.name, self.id)

5. DB Schema

Making database objects using the famous function create_all, and creating a session instance to interact with database.

Base.metadata.create_all(engine, checkfirst=True)
session = session_factory()

6. Action !

with StoreManager(session):
    person1 = Person()
    person1.image = ProfileImage.create_from('https://www.python.org/static/img/[email protected]')
    session.add(person1)
    session.commit()

    print('Content type:', person1.image.content_type)
    print('Extension:', person1.image.extension)
    print('Length:', person1.image.length)
    print('Original filename:', person1.image.original_filename)

Content type: image/jpeg
Extension: .jpg
Length: 2020
Original filename: https://www.python.org/static/img/[email protected]

7. Thumbnails

from os.path import exists, join

with StoreManager(session):
    thumbnail = person1.image.get_thumbnail(width=32, auto_generate=True)
    print(thumbnail.height)
    assert exists(join(TEMP_PATH, thumbnail.path))

The thumbnail height is:

8

Note

If your delete an image using instructions bellow, all thumbnails will be deleted also.

Warning

Remember to commit the sqlalchemy’s session after thumbnail generation to store the info, it’s also can rollbacks the operation if transaction failed.

Generating thumbnail with ratio

from os.path import exists, join

with StoreManager(session):
    thumbnail = person1.image.get_thumbnail(ratio=.3, auto_generate=True)
    print(thumbnail.width, thumbnail.height)
    assert exists(join(TEMP_PATH, thumbnail.path))

28 7

Call person1.image.locate() or person1.image.get_thumbnail(width=32, auto_generate=True).locate() to get the files URL in store.

8. Overwriting

Overwriting a file is achieved by attaching an image by attach()

with StoreManager(session):
    person1.image.attach('https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png')
    session.commit()

    print('Content type:', person1.image.content_type)
    print('Extension:', person1.image.extension)
    print('Length:', person1.image.length)
    print('Original filename:', person1.image.original_filename)

Content type: image/jpeg
Extension: .jpg
Length: 2080
Original filename: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png

9. Deleting & Delete Orphan

Set the model’s attribute to None, while delete_orphan=True passed to StoreManager.

with StoreManager(session, delete_orphan=True):
    deleted_filename = join(TEMP_PATH, person1.image.path)
    person1.image = None
    session.commit()

    assert not exists(deleted_filename)

Another way is to re-set the attribute using new instance:

with StoreManager(session, delete_orphan=True):
    person1.image = ProfileImage.create_from('https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png')
    session.commit()

    print('Content type:', person1.image.content_type)
    print('Extension:', person1.image.extension)
    print('Length:', person1.image.length)
    print('Original filename:', person1.image.original_filename)

Content type: image/jpeg
Extension: .jpg
Length: 2080
Original filename: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png

Warning

Setting SqlAlchemy model’s attribute without enabling delete_orphan will cause the orphaned files remaining in store for ever.